good evening I'm Judy Woodruff on the NewsHour tonight a logistical nightmare in Puerto Rico much needed aid stalled from reaching those desperate for basic supplies then amid air strikes and cholera outbreaks the people of Yemen struggle to survive as years of war take a toll on their country's infrastructure and sexism in Silicon Valley how one of the first women to take the tech industry to court for discrimination is still fighting for change we have more experience we have more education on average and we're not getting promoted and as a group most of the men got promoted all that and more on tonight's PBS Newshour the drive to get more help to Puerto Rico is accelerating tonight but much of what's already arrived isn't getting to the hurricane victims who need it John yang begins our coverage across Puerto Rico many residents still desperately need food fuel and drinking water but at the port of San Juan thousands of cargo containers filled with supplies sit on the docks unable to get inland to those in need why is that aid so close and yet so far for one thing shipping company and local officials say both truck drivers and diesel fuel are in short supply and roads are badly damaged or blocked after meeting with President Trump this morning acting homeland security secretary Elaine Duke said they're working on it we have been working on yesterday principally getting distribution that last mile as they call it to do that we had a remove debris we had a restore rolled we had a clear land landslides across the island and we have done things like air drops in the meantime cellphone service is also hampered by the lack of diesel fuel for generators but on the cell signal is really bad in the area I live in which is more obese this is a real problem lots of people are looking for places trying to get a signal to speak to family members outside Puerto Rico and in other places across the island today mr. Trump directed Duke to temporarily lift long-standing shipping restrictions known as the Jones Act in hopes of speeding deliveries of fuel and other supplies I did sign a Jones Act waiver this morning that came in yesterday afternoon from the Governor of Puerto Rico that is based on national security needs the president encouraged us as he has done throughout this hurricane response and the other two also to lean forward critics like Democratic congresswoman Nydia Velazquez of New York said the federal response has been inexcusably slow this has to happen soon not weeks from now not in late October this needs to be an immediate priority for Speaker Ryan and the Republican leadership we need to see action as early as next week House Speaker Paul Ryan said FEMA's disaster relief account will get another six point seven billion dollars by the end of the week meanwhile the Pentagon tapped Army Lieutenant General Jeffrey Buchanan to lead relief efforts one challenge he'll confront eliminating a backlog on the mainland at air bases in Georgia and South Carolina utility crews and other contractors have been waiting for days for military flights to Puerto Rico we're anxious to go but we're just waiting hurry up and wait we're trying to get there I mean we're just we're anxious to go eager to get to work to try to relieve the suffering of so many fellow Americans for the PBS Newshour I'm John yang we had a closer look at what it's like on the ground in Puerto Rico now Carmen julene Cruz is the mayor of the capital city San Juan mayor Carmen julene Cruz of San Juan thank you very much for joining us tell us what the situation is there right now it is a humanitarian crisis people are desperate for food from water for gas for diesel in order to keep equipment that is necessary for people that are plugged into a respirator or an oxygen tank in order to survive our dialysis and cancer patients haven't been able to get most of their treatments on time which of course is life-threatening and even though there is a here there's reported to be about 3,000 contain it's a much needed medical equipment or medical material so any type of thing that you need that we were talking about primary necessity you know just a glass of water it doesn't matter if it's cold it just matters that you can drink it I've been getting calls and this is from mayors from towns outside of the metropolitan area telling me that you know their people are drinking out of and they are washing their clothes and they're washing themselves on the same creeks that they're drinking and eating and bathing and so this is a real concern that the actual math would be even worse because of the health conditions I could treat it well what we've been reading is today is that you do as you just said have containers there at the port in San Juan but you don't have the ability to get a lot of this material to people what is the holdup I don't understand what the hold of it I do have to tell you that I did get a call this morning from mr. Basner at the White House he pits and John graden he met Regional Coordinator that is in charge and they have deputized to people from FEMA in Tucson one they are working very closely with a team of our people and a team of logistics experts that the mayor of New York Mayor Bill DeBlasio and the listen mark be very so I have deployed to San Juan so we will be in a position in the next 24 to 48 hours to start distributing whatever we've already got them from wonderful mayor's like the mayor of Miami Beach Levine that came personally yesterday's serving 7,000 pounds of stuff that we need of the mayor of Chicago and the people of the Puerto Rican human rights group in Chicago congressman luis gutierrez congressman Ascencio in florida so the mayor of boston has also reached out to see how they can help so mayors are about helping people because we know we are at the forefront of people's needs and we're pretty much you can cause the first line of defense whenever it comes to situations like this and we have not ever seen anything like this in our lifetime in Puerto Rico we also need to reinvent and rethink how we're going to rebuild and what our goals are and our priorities when we do that but just very quickly here at the end you do have enough people to get this material to where it's needed yes ma'am we do have enough people and and you know when there's the world was way mayor Carmen julene crews the mayor of San Juan I know we all wishing you the very best at this very difficult time thank you thank you very much Puerto Rico is not alone in coping with the aftermath of two hurricanes the US Virgin Islands were also left in ruin I spoke a short time ago with Governor Kenneth Mapp and began by asking where things stand there we're moving out of rescue and into recovery we've received tremendous provisions and support from the federal partners we're now talking about and beginning the process of covering and sheltering folks in homes that lost roofs we've cleared a good bit of debris out of the road system and we're working on getting the power distribution system up that's gonna be a long haul we're planning on bringing 400 linemen from the US mainland to help us in that regard trying those contracts we are talking I'm looking at how we're going to begin to open schools our children have not been into school for the school year for any imaginable parts and so we're planning on how we're gonna you know more schools and get the children back in school in October so we're moving out of rescue and into recovery getting the businesses open getting the lights on and and and doing what we do after we have these damaging hurricanes so what would you say your greatest needs are right now infrastructure development their help in terms of building the power systems up help in getting the road systems back up and functioning we really have to work with Congress on getting the hospital's rebuilt getting schools rebuilt so I'm you know I'm making those I'm having those discussions with our federal partners the White House and our friends in Congress so much of the focus it seems in the last days have been on Puerto Rico larger population on that u.s. territory has that affected what you and the Virgin Islands have been able to get done not I would say no I will feel for our brothers and sisters in Puerto Rico they've just been really devastated and you know we had after armor we had a contingent of their National Guard troops on the island helping us here and our general escorted them back home and met with the tag over there and you know whatever we can do to help them and they're just in and it's just they just really need help and any any quickness in terms of getting the supplies into their communities and to their people is what's really going to make the big difference and finally what about the state of health care your hospitals your clinics in the Virgin Islands hospitals have blown out for all intents and purposes we're just using covered parts of the emergency room mobile hospitals are now being constructed in the front lawns of the main hospitals and we've evacuated all of the folks that were admitted to the hospitals people who come and the doctors which requires say that they require admittance we simply evac them out evac tout our patients requiring dialysis services and those hospitals are going to have to be rebuilt from the ground up governor Kenneth's map of the Virgin Islands I know so many Americans have been thinking about you and and everyone they're affected by these terrible storms thank you very much for talking thank you Judy so much for spreading the word out for the American citizens all of us living in these territories thank you so much in the days other news the human wave of rojan germ Muslims fleeing Myanmar has now topped half a million that new estimate today from the United Nations they have crowded into camps in Bangladesh after escaping attacks by the military in majority Buddhist Myanmar the UN Secretary General warned today that it could get worse still the failure to address the systemic violence could result in a spill over into central Rakhine where an additional 250 thousand Muslims could potentially face displacement it is imperative that UN agencies and our non-governmental partners be granted immediate and safe access to all affected communities in Washington today more than 20 US senators from both parties urged sanctions against Myanmar in Indonesia a volcano on the island of Bali has now forced more than a hunt and thirty thousand people to flee amid regular tremors officials say the eruption of Mount Agung is imminent tourists are catching any flight available to get off the popular travel destination another volcano is rumbling on a tiny island in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu officials there have ordered all 11,000 people to leave China today ordered North Korean owned businesses within its borders to shut down in accordance with UN sanctions the Chinese commerce ministry said that North Korean companies and joint ventures will have a hundred and twenty days to comply the sanctions aim to halt Pyongyang's weapons development by isolating it from trading partners mainly China the leader of the Islamic state has apparently been heard from three months after Russian officials said that they had killed him in an airstrike in Syria the militant group released an audio recording today said to be Abu Bakr al-baghdadi yours his followers to keep waging war in the face of military losses across Iraq and Syria beware of retreat or feeling defeated beware of negotiations or surrender do not lay down your arms for Islam rises above everything and a believer does not humiliate oneself for God has blessed them with unification and jihad the recording also urged Isis militants to target what it called media centers of the infidels the World Health Organization is warning that nearly half of all abortions worldwide some 25 million are done in unsafe conditions the UN health agency blames limited contraception and safe abortion services in poorer nations in a statement today it says there are serious consequences for the health of women and their families it also says president Trump's renewed ban on US funding for groups that provide abortions will raise the risk back in this country the governor of Illinois Republican Bruce rauner signed a law permitting state health insurance and Medicaid to pay for abortions he had changed his mind on the issue at least twice before the new law takes effect immediately the majority whip in the US House of Representatives Steve Scalise returned to work today more than three months after he was shot and critically wounded the Louisiana Republican enter the House chamber on crutches to thunderous applause he said he was overwhelmed by the outpouring of support from both sides of the aisle some people might focus on a tragic event and an evil act to me all I remember are the thousands of acts of kindness and love and warmth that came out of this each and every one of us we come here and we fight for the things that we believe in I have passionate beliefs we are the people's house this is the place where these ideas are supposed to be debated and we fight through those issues but ultimately we come together Scalise was wounded in June by a gunman during a congressional baseball practice to Capitol Police Officers shot the assailant to death and were themselves wounded president Trump's health secretary Tom Price says that he will reimburse the federal government for his costly private travel and change his ways that follows reports that he's taken at least 26 charter flights since May costing more than 400 thousand dollars price will pay about 52,000 for his seats on those flights yesterday mr. Trump said that he's not happy with price over the flights and on Wall Street the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 40 points to close at 22,000 381 the Nasdaq rose a fraction of a point and the S&P 500 added 3 still to come on the NewsHour Facebook Twitter and now Google the technology Russia used in the 2016 election Yemen's war induced humanitarian crisis worsens remembering the revolutionary influence of Playboy founder Hugh Hefner and much more we've heard a lot this year about Russia and its attempt to use social media to influence the 2016 presidential elections but new revelations today about the role of social media giants like Facebook and Twitter add to the issue hari Sreenivasan has our report in fact officials with Twitter met behind closed doors today with staff on the House and Senate intelligence committees about Russian involvement in the election the New York Times reported that Russia may have used Twitter even more extensively to influence the election including using automated message accounts or BOTS to spread false information and promote stories about emails by Democratic operatives it comes after Facebook recently announced it will give congressional investigators some 3-thousand political ads purchased by Russian propaganda groups Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg acknowledged the spread of false information on his platform saying in a statement quote after the election I made a comment that I thought the idea that misinformation on Facebook changed the outcome of the election was a crazy idea calling that crazy was dismissive and I regret it this is too important an issue to be dismissive congressman Adam Schiff is a Democrat from California and the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee which intends to have a hearing with tech companies soon representative Schiff anything you can say publicly about your conversation with Twitter today yes they came in and gave a preliminary briefing to our staff and I view it really is the first of many briefings on what they know now about the extent of Russian use of Twitter as a medium of their active measures campaign but I think there's a lot yet for them to learn about the use of their own platform and obviously the American public as well it'll be I think important during our hearing next month with these companies to ask them you know how rigorous was their investigation what are they able to tell us at this point and what more work needs to be done because I think that we only still have scratched the surface in terms of our knowledge of the extent of Russian use of Twitter and Facebook at that for that matter do we know if the scale of spending was on the same as Facebook Twitter announced today that the RT the rush Media arm had spent some 274,000 ads dollars in ads purchased in 2016 but beyond that they say anything else well this was a subject of our discussion as well they were able to point to that RT advertising I don't know whether they've identified other advertising obviously that's of keen interest to us it's one thing when Twitter users get something passed to them by RT and and they can put that in context and say okay this is the Russian propaganda position it's far more pernicious when those tweets are coming and you can't identify the source or they're misrepresenting the source I don't think they have a good handle on that yet I don't think they fully know whether there was a paid advertising that was using a pseudonym and perhaps even more significant the extent of Russian bots that were used to propagate information in the campaign what's your understanding of how significant the influence of these platforms were and how they manipulated the election well just in the little we know in terms of the use in facebook of Facebook and Twitter I think we can tell that it's significant but we don't really have a sense of the full dimension if you look at what Facebook and Twitter have revealed already we know about advertising we know about the use of these BOTS but we don't know much about the downstream consequences of each that is the advertising for example that Facebook did those that showed interest in that advertising what kind of messages were sent to them and how well coordinated was the Facebook and Twitter campaign in the sense of those that responded on Facebook were they then the target of tweets from that same Russian entity in st. Petersburg so there's a great deal we have yet to learn about this to what level have you seen any evidence of collusion between what these Russian troll farms bought on social media on Twitter and Facebook and the Trump campaign well we're obviously bringing people in from the campaign we're also bringing people from the digital arm of the campaign we have great many questions for for them but we're also trying to approach this from the other side and that is can the social media companies tell us more about the targeting of their ads about the targeting of these tweets is that is it of a level of sophistication that you couldn't perform unless you have the data analytics of the campaign so we're trying to approach it from both sides at this point I don't think we're ready to draw any conclusions are you looking for any sort of overlap in exactly how the political campaign targeted individuals on these platforms and how perhaps the Russians did to rule out or to rule in whether there was any coordination absolutely we want to know look if the campaign was targeting these precincts or this demographic with these specific messages is that something that's also reflective and what the Russians were doing at the same time so this is exactly you know what we're looking at in terms of trying to prove or disprove whether there was any coordination I think it's also important though that we recognize that on both these platforms a big part of what the Russians did was simply turn one American against another now the divisive issues that they chose in the cynical way they did it may have been to the advantage of the Trump campaign but the broader objective here was to weaken our democracy to accentuate these divisions and it's worth all Americans recognizing the Russians view this is a vulnerability we need to view this as a vulnerability as well representative a colleague of yours senator Lankford also said this morning that the groups that are tracking some of these Russian accounts were actually involved actively in conversations about black lives matter or even just as recently as last weekend that take a knee or the boycott the NFL hashtags that were trending you know I think that's right in the sense that in the most cynical of ways the Russians would use these issues whether it's black lives matter I haven't seen the the examples yet in terms of the NFL but it wouldn't surprise me at all this is what they do they take these very hot issues in the United States they target them geographically in a way that they're designed to be the most incendiary possible and in the context of a political campaign if they can target these particular messages or ads that people that will push them to support one candidate or over the other all the better finally mr. Schiff are you confident that these technology platforms these companies are doing everything that they can to make sure that this doesn't happen again that is their target addresses from where this stuff is coming from to create black lists to kind of isolate how this happened and make sure that their platforms aren't abused this way I think both of these platforms are really going to have to scale up their response to this and devote a lot more of their resources and investigative effort to ferreting these out not only is it diagnostic in terms of what happened in the past but also to protect their users and the public in the future so at this point I think it's still very much a work in progress and both of these companies are gonna have to devote a lot more resources to the problem shift from California ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee thanks so much thank you just moments ago the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee mark Warner came out and slammed Twitter calling the companies response inadequate Warner said that Twitter's presentation was quote deeply disappointing and he said the company showed quote again an enormous lack of understanding about how serious this issue is Warner said he was angry that Twitter only searched his records based on information already uncovered by Facebook diplomats from Europe the Middle East and the u.s. met in Geneva today to iron out a resolution that would establish an international inquiry into atrocities in Yemen Saudi Arabia and its allies are aligned with one faction of Yemen's Civil War they stand accused of causing massive civilian casualties amid a punishing bombing campaign with American support the Saudis deny this and they say the time is not right for an international probe meanwhile in Yemen a disastrous humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate william brangham has that Yemen has been torn apart by a two-year old civil war as a coalition led by Saudi Arabia fight against Houthi rebels and their allies over 10,000 people have died more than 40 thousand have been injured and over 3 million are malnourished on top of it all an outbreak of cholera has killed 2,000 people since late April and 700,000 people currently are infected for more on all of this I'm joined now by Jamie McGoldrick he's the United Nations humanitarian coordinator in Yemen welcome to the NewsHour can you just give us a snapshot of how the humanitarian situation is in Yemen right now well after two and a half years of war you see things collapsing the economy's collapsed the conflict raging obviously and people are facing a number of threats the most recent one you just mentioned is cholera or you've got some 700,000 people who have been affected by it and over 2,000 people there those numbers will go up to the end of the year to 850,000 and then all Peter O and all disappear for a few months and will come back again because the conditions are in place and the conditions our people can't afford to buy clean water feed the families properly and and the fact that they have very local resilience anymore and that's what's causing these outbreaks and the lack of systems for health to treat the people as one of the big factors so is it an infrastructure is it water is it food I mean what is driving cholera in particular it's a combination that I'm in the worst sanitation systems of collapse they've been struck by airstrikes are they being bombed or and they sort of longer function this cross-contamination between water supply and you know it's the other parts of it sewage and at the same time people who after 2 years of war of week nutritionally very weak health-wise and so it takes up very quickly as a disease and then affects people very quickly as we saw you mentioned this issue of food I understand that shipments food and other aid have been hard to get into the country is there enough food to feed people who need the food now well there are two things I mean food is getting into the country been not in the numbers that we need because the ports like could either are being restricted in terms of movements and bringing food ro in other parts that country is quite a challenge but the other big issue is that people can't afford to buy food I mean people's purchasing power is diminished this 80% of the population rice the less well-off than they were two years ago and there's one person of every four who is no purchasing power what that means is it but tomorrow there are 7 million people that can't tell you how they'll feed their families tomorrow that's how desperate the thing is would you put that as the greatest challenge among the challenges the many that you face what is the greatest one well the greatest challenge is to get media attention and get the world's attention to the suffering of Yemen I mean it's been going on for too long no and the results are the numbers of incredulous we've got 20 million people of a population at 27 million who need some sort of assistance and 10 million of those are in real acute needs starving not able to feed their families no access to health care no access to clean water and it's just a recipe for further and more desperate catastrophic humanitarian situation I mean obviously it's got to be very difficult to with active fighting going on to try to deliver humanitarian aid are the combatants getting in the way of you doing your job well they're doing any conflicts I mean they are there to restrict access and movement and we find that from all sides who don't understand what their obligations are which are that we're supposed to have unfettered access to populations and needs but we often instrumentalize by the parties and the users as part of the war effort and that happens with imports that happens with moving people around it happens with getting visas evenly even and so these they try to control how we work there was a recent UN report that said that the Saudi air strikes had been largely responsible for the civilian deaths including the deaths of children what have you seen on the ground you live there you are there all the time the impact of those Saudi air strikes on the civilians well I think in a conflict and this one in particular is that the civilian population who have got no skin in this game they're the ones who suffer most and the combination of airstrikes a combination of bombing and fighting all sides have been guilty of what is taking place at international humanitarian law violations and the protection that should be afforded to service civilians and civilian infrastructure has been absent in this crisis you said that both sides in this this fight are to blame for the some of the casualties here but how would you apportion blame the civil war versus the Saudi bombing here as far as the destruction that you've seen when the physical destruction most has been done by the coalition because they've got the aircraft there's a lot of other destruction taking place because of bombing and shelling and local fighting that takes place as well and there's no site in this crisis as innocent there's no good guys in the surface fight the only people who are in this fight who are suffering are the average citizen of Yemen who really doesn't have any control over how this turns out have you appealed yourself to the to the Saudis to say please be a little more discreet in your bombing campaigns try to try to ease up on the civilian population we every time as an incident every time we have a problem we ask all the parties to the conflict to recognize under the Geneva Conventions international humanitarian law they have responsibilities and the responsibilities are to protect civilians and avoid the sort of damage that takes place to structure into people's lives unfortunately one of the features of this crisis have been almost a blatant disregard by the parties to their obligations and until and humanitarian law I mean as you well know the Saudis have also been very resistant to any investigation into their actions in Yemen how is this conflict ever going to come to an end how are you ever going to really be able to help the people fully there if one of the main belligerents seems to have no constraint on its actions well I think there are two things the the the investigation should happen whenever there's an intent of any kind regardless of who has a life stuff taken and Rhyno we would call for any investigation into any action or on any side that takes place that the way this will stop is for the war to end there was no military solution to this there's been no progress made militarily really in the last two-and-a-half years the only thing is peace we have to get the political situation back online because right now the humanity is suffering because the lack of politics Jimmy McCulloch they you very much for being here my problem my pleasure thanks a lot stay with us coming up on the news hour the woman who sparked a debate about gender discrimination in Silicon Valley and a journalist opens up about her personal experience with miscarriage but first a life and times of the founder of Playboy a Hugh Hefner jeffrey Brown has the story I remember a you know with great fun that's the very beginnings of it all you know the days in which they held the first issue of the magazine realized that I was gonna be in the business for a while the first issue of Playboy was published in 1953 when Hugh Hefner was just 27 and only recently moved out of his parents house in Chicago but when it hit the stands Playboy's 51 thousand copies featuring naked photos of Marilyn Monroe sold out in a 2011 interview with his then fiancee Crystal Harris by his side Hefner looked back the fact that it would be so successful and that it would not only succeed but also would become such a phenomena and would in the in the 60s literally change the world who could possibly imagine that with its centerfold and Playmate of the Month circulation shot up quickly reaching 7 million by the 1970s Heffner himself was a walking advertisement for his product in his signature silk pajamas smoking his pipe he fashioned himself and playboy as the face of sexual liberation here in a 1966 interview with William F Buckley what it really comes down to was an attempt to establish a you know what's been called a new morality and I really think that's what the American you know there's this thing called the American sexual revolution is really all about Hefner launched his company into movies TV and clothing and opened clubs resorts and casinos crammed with playboy bunnies with rabbit ears and fluffy tails an expanding empire but also a rising chorus of critics who saw the Playboy fantasy as exploitative and vulgar in 1963 then 28 year-old feminist Gloria Steinem briefly worked undercover at the New York Playboy Club and published a Bunny's tail an article that described how the women were overworked and underpaid the atmosphere rampantly sexist and tacky feminists blast never abated but Hefner was unrepentant the suggestion that somehow or other playboy exploits women is really a political point of view the truth of the matter is we celebrate sexuality and we celebrate the sexuality of the women who appear on the pages of the magazine in 1985 Hefner suffered from a mild stroke and turned his Empire over to his daughter Christie still he remained editor-in-chief of Playboy just last year he handed over creative control to his son Cooper in the Internet era readership fell dramatically after at one point turned to reality TV with the show the girls next door focused on The Adventures of his three young blond girlfriends who lived with him at the Los Angeles Playboy Mansion I think that a best life is one where one pursues one's own personal dreams in 2012 at age 85 Hefner married his third wife Crystal Harris she was 60 years his junior in addition to crystal Hefner is survived by his four children from previous marriages Hugh Hefner died yesterday at the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles he was 91 and we take a closer look at Hefner's complicated legacy with amanda marcotte she writes about politics feminism and culture for salon.com and Todd Gitlin professor of journalism and sociology at Columbia University his numerous books include the 60s years of Hope days of Rage he joins us via Skype and Todd Gitlin Hugh Hefner begins as someone claiming to push against the conformity and purity of the America of the 50s and and and it worked right give us a little a bit of that background well he was the great anti Puritan he made he made sex for men respectable that is to say it was no longer really a kind of pornography the magazines that preceded Playboy were kind of trashy looking they were printed on crummy paper you always had the feeling that the ink was rubbing off on you sort of something to read furtively and they have no great literary pretension they were full of stories about hunting and war and then suddenly here was slick smooth airbrushed high color playboy that it's sort of attached an idea of women as playmates to a way of life the way of life was your bachelor you have your own pad you have a good record player you have a nice sports car you have soft jazz and sex but Amanda this was always sex as commodity right I mean selling the idea of sexual freedom but always as a brand the Playboy logo it's a commercial adventure venture what was he selling I mean he was selling like like Todd said a lifestyle and it was very much a male lifestyle it was not really women were seen as another accessory like the like the car like the record player they were really kind of seen as full partners in the sexual revolution and it was really just one more object to buy and you know unfortunately to the end Hefner was treating women in his own life that way you know the old joke was about Playboy was people would say I'm reading it for the articles but there it really did have lots of important interviews and and great writers working for it yeah did he he paid lots of money for writers he had a huge circulation and I think he must have been serious about trying to convey the idea that his idea about sexuality was somehow harmonious with or were of a piece with the lifestyle until you or your Playboy and you were reading Isaac Bashevis singer and that's all part of the same thing you're not you know something so dumb cluck you know weeding you know crummy hunting ditional stories you or advance citizen you mister you lucky banana and you get to read the Great's and you get to interview most people you're interested in but Amanda I mean we start off talking about him starting against this idea of conformity but then clearly running into another kind of cultural phenomenon of the time feminism yeah he was in conflict with feminists from the beginning and I think it's a little bit unfortunate because I I think that created this sense that feminists were against the sexual revolution they weren't they just wanted women to be included as equals and as full human beings and not treated as objects and I don't know if Hefner ever really completely understood that criticism I he'd always seemed to just bristle against it instead of really listen to it I mean the charge though I mean obviously the sexism this idea of privilege that Todd has been talking about that's what came at him all the time yeah and I mean I think you know he leaned into it if we're gonna be honest the Playboy Mansion was like an icon of his privilege his his notion of himself as a sophisticated man and he would have these huge parties where he would let his friends enjoy food and drink and drugs and the beautiful pool and the women and that was all sort of held out as one piece Todd Gitlin even if I think Dec ago he already appeared to many people as a kind of anachronism he turned to a reality TV at one point but he just went on yeah and the fact that his empire was actually crumbling and he was he was sort of outdone by launch here you know more vile publications like hustler and then eventually buy the whole sea of pornography that was available everywhere so he was actually less of a figure but he sort of I think basked in his sort of glory as sort of a founding leche the founding keeper of the Harriers so that at one point a certain President of the United States in an earlier incarnation brought some of his people from The Apprentice to the Playboy Mansion and and and said to it said to Hefner I can't tell which of your boat your girls or which are mine which I think tells you a lot about both men well Amanda just in our last minute when you think about that legacy and you think about what Todd was just talking about how the internet sort of brought out kind of sex to our sort of every moment of anybody's life if they want it what is it where does that leave Hugh Hefner's legacy I mean I think it leaves it mixed I think you can't deny that he played a huge role in the mainstreaming of porn and and sexual talk in our culture on the other hand I think he is an anachronism and he will mostly be forgotten in a world where our sexual culture just has very little to do with the way playboy was conducted all right Amanda Marcotte of salon Todd Gitlin thank you both very much thank you thank you and let's turn to a different conversation on questions of sexism in tech finance and Silicon Valley Ellen Powell became a cause celeb in 2012 after she filed a gender discrimination lawsuit against her employer the powerful venture capital firm kleiner perkins Pao had been a junior partner and claimed that her bosses did not promote her because of her gender and retaliated against her for complaining she asked for 16 million dollars in damages in a trial but lost and her personal reputation was damaged along the way still her case served as a wake-up call she has a new book about it and the aftermath titled reset our economics correspondent Paul Solman sat down with Ellen Pao part of his weekly series making sense Ellen Pao welcome thank you for having me from your biography you do not seem like the person who would sue kleiner perkins or for that matter pretty much anyone it's not my nature I think when lawsuit was part of a mission to call attention to this problem so I had tried so many other ways beforehand I'm not doing that much press I'm an introvert this is hard for me but it's like I you know kind of now that's gonna go on air and all these people all calling attention and seeing me on the street and recognizing me it's and you don't want that I don't want that it's not my personality and it makes me uncomfortable but this is a culture that has pervasive problems and seeing the extent of it we need to do a whole reset reset is the title of Powell's book and with its claim of gender discrimination in Silicon Valley it's become part of an increasingly polarized debate just in the last few months charges of sexual discrimination and harassment have brought down the CEOs of uber and the online lending startup social finance spurring a backlash a front page article in this Sunday's New York Times featured Silicon Valley men alleging discrimination Pao is a Princeton grad with degrees from Harvard Law and Harvard Business School jobs in Silicon Valley since 1998 including a stint at venture capital firm kleiner perkins that triggered the gender bias lawsuit what was the percentage of in venture capital when you were there I believe it was about 6% and what's it now I think it's gone down I think it's gone down to maybe 5% and you know less than 1% are black or a Latin next do you think that you were sort of suppressing feelings you were having at the time or the sense you were getting that there was systemic discrimination against you as a woman perhaps you as a minority there were a lot of like a thousand cuts in little small things that would make it very hard for a woman to be successful so a woman were asked to take notes and meetings and men were not women were asked to babysit woman were asked to do some of the menial tasks of organizing events and planning conferences that the men were not so when it came time to invest which was the work that you would get recognized and promoted for what happens and compensated for it was much harder for a woman to be taken seriously and it was harder to get investments through and it was harder to be successful and it was also possible for men to take away investments that women were working on if they look good and to dump investments that weren't doing so well on the woman when they didn't want to work on them anymore now this sounded strikingly familiar listen to Maureen sherry describing Wall Street gender bias when she was a trader accounts not being given equitably that's really one way or an account being taken away when you felt it wasn't something that you deserved and the atmosphere wasn't exactly congenial for a woman when I had come back from my maternity leave I was still nursing and kept a breast pump under my desk one trader would notice and he would start making a mooing sound and you know sometimes other herd members would join in actually mooing yes mooing her problem pal claims is that the young men went west frat boy culture came in around 2008 when people stopped going to Wall Street and the people who wanted to make big money fast wanted to be the next Mark Zuckerberg and they all came out to Silicon Valley instead so you're at Kleiner Perkins you're making a lot of money there right yeah more than I could spend so what's happening there that's upsetting you I was getting blocked I wasn't being invited to meetings one of the woman at the firm also actually mapped out investments for the women and investments for the men and showed that the woman's investments were doing significantly better we have more experience we have more education on average and we're not getting promoted and as a group most of the men got promoted and you weren't getting promoted because because we were women and there was some kind of belief that the men were better despite all of the results in the records there's actually research that shows that women are better investors that they are more risk aware but despite that says former banker Sally Krawczyk who now runs a mutual fund that invests in female focused firms men are better self promoters if it were just about intelligence or effort we would have much more diverse teams my experience has been that the gentlemen are more likely to come and ask for the promotion and that the women are less likely to do so they were more assertive and they did things exactly the right way while we were you know too aggressive or not aggressive enough we were too loud or too quiet or we were too competitive we weren't team players and you know it was this endless slew of impossible things to fulfill when you confronted that reality did you think look I'm in the wrong place this is the wrong world for me I actually tried to quit in 2007 I said this culture is not you know it's not my culture and they told me they wanted to change a culture that you know the things that I was bringing up were things that they did not want to be it wasn't until I really saw like I cannot succeed or any other woman in the firm that was really the catalyst for me litigating so you felt it was your duty to sue yeah I would say that I felt if I didn't do it then who would do it so I sued for sexual discrimination and retaliation so what happened oh you're going to take me to the dark days they hired crisis communication firm that launched a campaign around that me I was a poor performer or that my case had no merit that you don't get along well with other people right and the verdict I lost on both counts why I think people weren't ready to believe that tech was this really biased and unfair culture or that POW who had turned down a million dollar settlement offer had been unfairly treated taking the role of devil's advocate I asked if she could have played along and if so how would you have become more of a sports buff it sounds ridiculous or the things I would have had to do it was to become one of the guys yeah but if I'm thinking of myself now yeah as one of these guys okay yeah much younger sort of not reflective making a lot of money and if you're there and you're not playing along you're making me a little uncomfortable maybe well I think if playing along means you know participating in sexist and racist jokes that expectation has to change it can't be on the women too or you know the people of color or the older people to try to make everything better and I think now that you know this year with all these people coming out and with the press and the public being so much more receptive to their stories and being able to take them at face value instead of going through the same process I went through or oh you're not a perfect victim oh you are kind of crazy oh you're a fraud oh you know you shouldn't have done this oh why did you do that like all of that has kind of dissipated as people see wow this is a huge problem Ellen pal thank you very much thank you for having me now to another in our brief but spectacular series where we ask people to describe their passions tonight we hear from Aria levy about grief and motherhood she's a staff writer at The New Yorker and author of the book the rules do not apply when I was 38 I took a reporting assignment in Mongolia in Newland Betar and it was gonna be like big adventure I mean you don't get much more exotics and outer mongolia and it was the last adventure like that I was gonna have for a long time because I was five months pregnant the doctors I talked to said it's fine to fly until your third trimester off you go but the second night I was in Mongolia I went into labor in my hotel room and I gave birth in the bathroom at my hotel and for ten minutes I was somebody's mother and then the baby died before the ambulance got there and that was that that was that it was like us switch had flipped inside me and I had experienced however briefly I'd experience maternal love and I couldn't get that switch to flip back so I felt like a mother and you know flipping switch in my body too when I was making milk to feed this baby who wasn't there it was almost like an identity crisis it was like I I know I'm a mother but I sound crazy if I say it because I have no child while the particulars of my situation are unusual like I have yet to meet another woman who's like I too lost baby in a hotel in Mongolia like that's weird but miscarriage is extremely common I was doing this reading in the Bay Area and this woman said I have three children who are alive I lost four babies and I'm 77 years old and I miss every one of them I just had always thought that if you were dogged and strategic and you had tenacity you could get what you want it but being dogged and strategic and tenacious has not convinced my body to make a child and that's not up to me I had this idea in my head since I was little that being a writer like a woman who was a writer was the kind of woman who was free to do whatever she chooses no one's really free to do whatever she chooses except mother nature just having a situation where your body is out of your control it's a preview of death it's a preview of mortality and it's certainly been something I've thought about more since this happened but counter-intuitively or not with less fear I feel I feel better about it my name is Arielle levy and this is my brief but spectacular take on mother nature powerful story on the NewsHour online right now the author of the controversial young adult novel 13 reasons why in on censorship and writing about challenging issues for teens during this banned books week that and more is on our web site pbs.org/newshour and tune in later tonight on Charlie Rose iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif on the future of his country's nuclear deal with world powers and before we go a sad follow-up to Mike's arrays' piece last night about the echoes of Vietnam we featured two young men brothers born years after the war who suffered terrible disabilities likely caused by the lingering effects of Agent Orange the toxic defoliant spread by the United States in Vietnam the young men and their family have been supported for years by Larry Vetter the Army veteran in the story Larry was told late last night after our broadcast that one of the young men nagila died yesterday morning he was just 22 years old and tomorrow here on the NewsHour America adicted we kick off a new series on the nation's crippling opioid epidemic we're talking about a substance that is poison it's manufactured knowing that that next bag is going to kill you it doesn't matter I planned on dying that was my plan got ten thousand heroin addicts ooh I've gained family trust back I gained a girlfriend back feels great that's tomorrow and all next week on the NewsHour I'm Judy Woodruff for all of us at the PBS Newshour thank you and good night major funding for the PBS Newshour has been provided by