>> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION FOR SATURDAY JUNE, 16: TRADE TENSIONS-- CHINA RETALIATES AGAINST TRUMP ADMINISTRATION TARIFFS; IN OUR SIGNATURE SEGMENT, MIGRANTS LOOKING TO GET TO EUROPE FIND A NEW ROUTE; AND WOMEN ACCUSED OF BEING MARRIED TO MEMBERS OF ISIS GO ON TRIAL.

NEXT ON PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.

FROM THE TISCH WNET STUDIOS AT LINCOLN CENTER IN NEW YORK, HARI SREENIVASAN.

>> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING, AND THANKS FOR JOINING US.

THE TRADE BATTLE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA IS ESCALATING.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION REVISED ITS LIST OF NEW TARIFFS ON $50 BILLION WORTH OF CHINESE PRODUCTS YESTERDAY, AND CHINA RETALIATED WITHIN HOURS.

THE U.S. WILL NOW ADD 25% IN NEW TARIFFS ON MORE THAN 1,000 CHINESE PRODUCTS.

AMONG THEM, BULLDOZERS, AIRCRAFT ENGINE PARTS, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND AUTOMOBILES.

CHINA RESPONDED BY INCREASING TARIFFS BY 25% ON $50 BILLION OF U.S. IMPORTS INCLUDING AUTOMOBILES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, SEAFOOD AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT.

PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS THE NEW TARIFFS, SET TO TAKE EFFECT ON JULY 6, WILL PROTECT AMERICAN JOBS AND PREVENT UNFAIR TRANSFER OF AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY.

TO HELP US SORT OUT WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THIS BACK AND FORTH BATTLE AND WHAT IT WILL MEAN TO AMERICAN CONSUMERS AND THE WORLD ECONOMY, WE'RE JOINED NOW BY SHARYN O'HALLORAN, PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC AFFAIRS AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

SO, WE ARE ON THE VERGE OF A TRADE WAR HERE.

TO PUT THIS IN PERSPECTIVE, THE AMERICAN ECONOMY IS, WHAT, $20 TRILLION?

SO EVEN IF WE'RE TALKING ABOUT $100 BILLION, $50 BILLION, THIS IS RELATIVELY SMALL-- THIS ISN'T GOING TO COLLAPSE OUR ENTIRE ECONOMY, BUT WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES AS THIS ESCALATES?

>> WELL, ALREADY WE'RE STARTING TO SEE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ECONOMY THAT ARE BEING AFFECTED.

FIRST OF ALL, WE'LL HAVE SOME OF THE END CONSUMERS THAT ARE GOING TO BE AFFECTED THAT ARE GOING TO BE DIRECTLY USING A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT PRODUCTS, WHETHER THEY USE STEEL AND SO ON.

BUT MOSTLY, RIGHT NOW, WITH STEEL AND ALUMINUM, WE'RE GOING TO BE SEEING THE INTERMEDIARY USERS-- THE AUTO INDUSTRY THAT USES STEEL OR ALUMINUM-- IN THEIR PRODUCTION PROCESS.

THAT'S GOING TO LEAD TO INCREASE IN PRICES, OBVIOUSLY.

THAT'S GOING TO IMPACT THE DAILY CONSUMER, YOU AND ME, WHO BUY A CAR, OR WANT TO.

AND THEN IT COULD LEAD TO INCREASING INFLATION, WHICH COULD LEAD THE FED TO TAKE, OBVIOUSLY, A MORE AGGRESSIVE STANCE IN SETTING RATES, WHICH COULD HAVE IMPACTS IN THE OVERALL GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY.

THIS, OF COURSE, IS GOING TO LET BUSINESSPEOPLE BE UPSET ABOUT PROFITS AND WHERE THEY ARE AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO INVEST, SO THAT WILL HAVE IMPACTS ON JOBS AND JOB PROSPERITIES.

>> Sreenivasan: THERE WAS AN EXAMPLE OF WASHING MACHINES WHERE WE SET A TARIFF ON EARLIER AND NOW I THINK SOMEWHERE AROUND 17% PRICE INCREASES FOR WASHING MACHINES IF YOU GO TO THE APPLIANCE STORE.

TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT HOW INTERCONNECTED THE WORLD IS TODAY.

A LOT OF THE PRODUCTS THAT WE SEE ON OUR STORE SHELVES, EVEN IF THEY MIGHT BE ASSEMBLED IN CHINA, MIGHT BE SORT OF MADE HERE.

>> THAT'S CORRECT.

>> Sreenivasan: YOU KNOW, AND THERE ARE PARTS COMING FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.

>> SO WE ARE MOST-- MOST MANUFACTURERS ARE REALLY WORLD-CLASS MANAGERS OF GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS.

THINK OF NIKE, THINK OF APPLE.

AND EVEN IT IF THEY MAKE THE MAJORITY OF THE PRODUCTS HERE, THEY'RE REALLY ASSEMBLING MANY OF THE PRODUCTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.

AND THOSE PRODUCTS COME IN BITS AND PIECES TO THEN BE-- QUOTE, UNQUOTE-- MADE IN AMERICA.

AND THAT'S JUST HOW YOU KEEP COSTS DOWN, HOW YOU WORK WITH COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, AND HOW YOU WORK WITH ECONOMIES OF SCALE.

THESE ARE GOOD THINGS.

THIS IS WHY LIVING STANDARDS HAVE INCREASED.

THESE ARE WHY MORE PEOPLE CAN AFFORD MANY OF THOSE OTHER LUXURIES THAT 50, 100 YEARS AGO, WERE NOT EVEN FEASIBLE.

>> Sreenivasan: THERE'S THIS CONSTANT DRUM BEAT FROM THE ADMINISTRATION THAT SAYS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT WE'RE DOING THIS IS TO TRY TO PUT THE PRESSURE ON CHINA FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONCERNS THAT BUSINESS HAVE, THE KINDS OF MONEY THAT WE CAN INVEST IN THE COUNTRY, RIGHT.

AND THEN REALLY THE OTHER COMMON REFRAIN IS TO BRING JOBS BACK TO THE UNITED STATES.

SO, TELL ME THE CONNECTION OF IF WE HAVE THESE TRADE-- YOU KNOW, IMBALANCES CORRECTED, IF WE SLAP MORE TARIFFS ON CHINA AND THE E.U., DOES THAT AUTOMATICALLY MEAN THAT THOSE JOBS, MANUFACTURING JOBS, OR OTHERWISE, COME BACK TO THE UNITED STATES?

>> NO, THEY DON'T.

MANY CASES THEY DON'T EXIST IN THE FORM THAT THEY USED TO BEFORE.

>> Sreenivasan: BECAUSE ROBOTS ARE DOING IT.

>> MANY OF THEM ARE.

THEY'RE ROBOTS, THEY'RE AUTOMATED.

AND YOU SAY, "OH THEY MOVED TO MEXICO."

WELL, THEY USED TO MOVE TO MEXICO, THEN THEY MOVED TO CHINA, NOW THEY'RE IN VIETNAM.

SO, IT'S JUST WHERE YOU LOOK FOR ECONOMIES OF SCALE, CHEAP LABOR, AND AUTOMATION.

AND THOSE ARE MOVING THE SUPPLY CHAIN AROUND.

SO, THAT'S ONE THING.

SECOND, THAT'S NOT OUR COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE.

AMERICANS ARE VERY GOOD AT HIGH-END SPECIALTIES.

AND, SO EVEN WHEN WE TALK ABOUT BRINGING BACK STEEL.

WE'RE NOT DOING MASS ROLLED-OUT STEEL.

WE'RE DOING MORE OF THE HIGH-END SPECIALTY STEEL STRUCTURES THAT GO INTO, SAY, BUILDINGS, BUT THAT'S NOT JUST ROLLED SHEETS.

SO WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT.

THE TARIFF IN ITSELF IS NOT GOING TO LEAD TO THOSE JOBS COMING BACK.

AND WE HAVE TO REALIZE THAT'S NOT THE TOOL THAT WE NEED TO BE LOOKING AT.

SO, THE TARIFF IS NOT THE TOOL.

BUT WHAT WE HAVE TO CONCERN OURSELVES WITH ARE ISSUES AROUND NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, AND THAT GOES TO THE POLICIES AROUND THE TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY.

THERE BOTH THE E.U.

AND THE U.S. ARE TRYING TO LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD, RIGHT.

AND THAT IS AN APPROPRIATE CONCERN AND A POLICY FOR THE W.T.O.

TO TAKE UP, AND THERE HAVE BEEN A SERIES OF COMPLAINTS GOING IN THERE, SO THAT WE CAN HAVE GREATER INVESTMENT IN THERE WITHOUT HAVING TO LOSE OUR PROPERTY RIGHTS OVER THAT TECHNOLOGY.

WE DON'T ASK THAT FROM CHINA.

SO WHY SHOULD THEY ASK THAT FROM US?

>> Sreenivasan: SURE.

>> SO THAT'S THE DEBATE THERE.

>> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT, A LOT OF THESE THINGS WILL BE UNTANGLED OVER THE NEXT FEW WEEKS.

SHARYN O'HALLORAN FROM COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

>> OKAY.

>> Sreenivasan: PRESIDENT TRUMP USED TWITTER THIS MORNING TO CONTINUE TO FALSELY BLAME DEMOCRATS FOR WHAT HE CALLED" FORCED FAMILY BREAKUP AT THE BORDER."

IT IS MR. TRUMP'S ADMINISTRATION THAT INSTITUTED A POLICY LAST MONTH THAT REQUIRES THAT CHILDREN OF ASYLUM SEEKERS AND IMMIGRANTS CROSSING INTO THE U.S. FROM MEXICO ILLEGALLY BE HELD AT SEPARATE DETENTION CENTERS.

THERE IS NO LAW THAT REQUIRES THIS.

HOWEVER, HE ALSO ADMITTED YESTERDAY THAT HE IS WILLING FOR THE POLICY TO CONTINUE UNLESS DEMOCRATS AGREE TO FUND A BORDER WALL, CHANGE RULES ON LEGAL ENTRY AND INCREASE BORDER ENFORCEMENT.

THE PRESIDENT CLAIMS THE DEMOCRATS, THE MINORITY PARTY IN BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS, ARE RESPONSIBLE BECAUSE IF THEY WORKED WITH REPUBLICANS THEY COULD PASS LAWS TO PREVENT THE SEPARATIONS.

A VOTE IS EXPECTED NEXT WEEK IN THE HOUSE ON TWO REPUBLICAN- DRAFTED IMMIGRATION BILLS, AND THE PRESIDENT NOW SAYS HE SUPPORTS BOTH OF THEM.

WEEKS AFTER A NEW GOVERNMENT TOOK POWER IN ITALY, IT IS TAKING A HARDER LINE ON ALLOWING MIGRANTS ONTO ITS SHORES.

THE COUNTRY SAYS TWO BOATS FILLED WITH RESCUED AFRICAN MIGRANTS MAY NOT DOCK.

THE BOATS ARE CURRENTLY SITTING OFF THE COAST OF LIBYA, WHERE THEY RESCUE MIGRANTS TRYING TO CROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN.

THIS IS THE LATEST REFUSAL BY ITALY.

LAST WEEK, IT BARRED THE RESCUE SHIP "AQUARIUS" FROM ITS PORTS.

THE "AQUARIUS" BEGAN RUNNING OUT OF PROVISIONS FOR THE MORE THAN 600 PEOPLE IT HAD ON BOARD.

THE "AQUARIUS" IS NOW CLEARED TO DOCK IN SPAIN.

FRANCE IS ALSO OFFERING TO TAKE SOME OF THE MIGRANTS.

HOW ARE NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS REACTING TO THE RECENT SUMMIT BETWEEN NORTH KOREA AND THE UNITED STATES?

FIND OUT AT www.pbs.org/newshour.

>> Sreenivasan: BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA.

JUST OVER 25 YEARS AGO, A BRUTAL WAR THERE CAUSED NEARLY TWO MILLION PEOPLE TO FLEE.

TODAY, MIGRANT TRAVELERS ARE RUSHING IN, MANY FLEEING WAR AND PERSECUTION IN THEIR HOME COUNTRIES.

BOSNIA IS A SMALL NATION WITH SCANT RESOURCES THAT HAS SEEN MORE THAN 3,500 PEOPLE ENTER ILLEGALLY THIS YEAR ALONE.

SOME AID AGENCIES FEAR A NEW HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IS DEVELOPING, AND THE U.N.

REFUGEE AGENCY, U.N.H.C.R., IS APPEALING FOR INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.

NEWSHOUR WEEKEND SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MALCOLM BRABANT HAS MORE FROM NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA, NEAR THE CROATIAN BORDER.

>> Reporter: IN A WOOD JUST OUTSIDE THE TOWN OF BIHAC STANDS A DERELICT STUDENT DORMITORY.

THE BUILDING MAY HAVE POWER AND RUNNING WATER, BUT IT'S STILL AN OVERCROWDED SLUM.

IN SHORT ORDER, IT'S BECOME A POTENT SYMBOL OF THE THREE-YEAR MIGRANT CRISIS DIVIDING THE EUROPEAN UNION.

FOR THE 500 OR SO INHABITANTS, IT'S A WAY STATION ON THEIR DREAM-LADEN MARCH TOWARDS SANCTUARY OR GREATER PROSPERITY.

FOR OPPONENTS OF IMMIGRATION, IT'S A SNAPSHOT OF A SURGE HEADING THEIR WAY.

FOR VOLUNTEERS OF THE BOSNIAN RED CROSS, THIS IS SIMPLY A PLACE OF HUMANITY.

>> IT'S VERY, VERY HARD WHEN YOU SEE ALL THOSE CHILDREN THAT ARE RIGHT NOW SUFFERING.

THEY DON'T HAVE A DECENT CHILDHOOD.

>> Reporter: SPOKESMAN AMIR DRAGANIVIC.

>> WE ARE TRYING TO DO OUR BEST TO FIND THEM, LET'S SAY, TO MAKE THEM LIKE THEY ARE AT THEIR HOMES.

>> Reporter: PROXIMITY TO THE LONG, POROUS BORDER WITH CROATIA IS THE REASON THEY'RE HERE.

IF THEY CAN ENTER CROATIA, THEY ARE EFFECTIVELY INSIDE THE EUROPEAN UNION WHERE THEORETICALLY THEY CAN CROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES WITHOUT DOCUMENTS.

ABOUT 200 MIGRANTS ARE CAMPING IN THIS FIELD TWO MILES FROM AN OFFICIAL CROSSING INTO CROATIA.

CROATIA DOESN'T WANT THE NEW ARRIVALS EVEN THOUGH MOST INTEND TO PASS THROUGH ON THEIR WAY TO SOMEWHERE ELSE.

FATIMA HAS WALKED NEARLY 3,000 MILES FROM KANDAHAR IN AFGHANISTAN TO ESCAPE THE TALIBAN.

SHE DIDN'T WANT TO GIVE HER FULL NAME OR SHOW HER FACE.

>> Reporter: THERE ARE SEVERAL REASONS WHY THE ARRIVAL OF REFUGEES IN BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA IS SIGNIFICANT.

ONE IS THAT IT PROVES THAT THERE IS NOW A NEW MIGRANT TRAIL TO THE EUROPEAN UNION TWO AND A HALF YEARS AFTER IT WAS SEVERED AT THE MACEDONIAN BORDER AND PEOPLE WERE FORCED TO STAY IN GREECE.

ANOTHER IS THAT THESE NEW ARRIVALS HAVE BECOME A POLITICAL FOOTBALL.

IT'S AN ELECTION YEAR, AND LEFT- WING MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT MAJA GASAL VRAZALICA, ONCE A REFUGEE HERSELF DURING THE BOSNIAN WAR, SAYS THE MIGRANTS' PRESENCE IS BEING USED TO WHIP UP NATIONALIST SENTIMENT IN A VOLATILE AND DIVISIVE CAMPAIGN.

>> THESE DAYS, WE HAVE OUR ELECTION YEAR IN BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA.

AND MOST PARTIES IN BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA, NATIONAL PARTIES, THEY MISUSE THE TOPIC OF REFUGEES BECAUSE THEY WANT TO STOKE UP ALL THIS FEAR THROUGH OUR NATION, THROUGH OUR PEOPLE.

>> Reporter: ANTI-MIGRANT RHETORIC IS MOST TRENCHANT IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA, THE PART OF BOSNIA PREDOMINANTLY POPULATED BY CHRISTIAN ORTHODOX ETHNIC SERBS.

THEIR CURRENT LEADER, A SERB NATIONALIST, MILORAD DODIK, IS DEEPLY SUSPICIOUS THAT MOST OF THE NEW ARRIVALS HAIL FROM ISLAMIC COUNTRIES.

>> ( translated ): REFUGEES OR MIGRANTS CAN'T BE ALLOWED TO STAY IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA.

PEOPLE SUGGEST THAT WE ARE INHUMANE IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA.

THAT'S NOT TRUE.

WE'RE VERY HUMANE.

BUT WE ARE TRYING TO MAINTAIN OUR WAY OF LIFE HERE, AND WE DON'T WANT IT TO BE JEOPARDIZED.

>> Reporter: DODIK IS CAMPAIGNING TO BE ELECTED IN OCTOBER AS THE SERBS' REPRESENTATIVE IN BOSNIA'S THREE-PERSON PRESIDENCY.

HE CLAIMS THAT ETHNIC MUSLIM BOSNIANS IN THE CAPITAL, SARAJEVO, ARE ENCOURAGING THE MIGRANT INFLUX TO CHANGE THE DEMOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTRY.

LATEST STATISTICS FROM THE BOSNIAN AUTHORITIES SHOW THAT MOST NEW ARRIVALS ARE FROM SYRIA, AFGHANISTAN, IRAQ, IRAN AND PAKISTAN.

>> ( translated ): THERE'S A SURREPTITIOUS SARAJEVO PLAN THAT IS ENCOURAGING SYRIANS, AFGHANS AND OTHER MUSLIMS TO SETTLE IN THE COUNTRY OVER THE NEXT FOUR, FIVE OR TEN YEARS.

ONCE THAT'S HAPPENED, THEY'LL TELL US THAT THIS A MUSLIM MAJORITY COUNTRY.

THAT'S THE IDEA.

THAT'S WHAT SARAJEVO IS DOING.

>> Reporter: 23 YEARS AFTER THE BOSNIAN WAR FINALLY ENDED, MANY IN SARAJEVO STILL REMEMBER BEING HUNGRY.

INTERNATIONAL GENEROSITY SUSTAINED THEM DURING THE CONFLICT WHEN TWO MILLION BOSNIANS WERE DISPLACED.

AMONG THEM, THESE SENIORS WHO BROUGHT CLOTHES FOR THE MIGRANTS.

>> ( translated ): I KNOW IT'S DIFFICULT FOR THEM.

WE WERE IN THE WAR, TOO, SO WE KNOW HOW HARD IT CAN BE.

>> Reporter: ADNAN TATAREVIC RUNS A CHARITY WHICH ORDINARILY HELPS IMPOVERISHED BOSNIANS BUT HAS NOW EXPANDED ITS REACH TO SUSTAIN REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS.

>> ( translated ): WE WERE REFUGEES, TOO.

WE WERE REFUGEES IN OUR OWN CITIES.

WE WERE REFUGEES IN EUROPE.

PEOPLE HAVE WELCOMED US AND SHARED WITH US THE LAST PIECE OF BREAD THEY HAD.

THE BOSNIAN PEOPLE WANT TO HELP, FEEL THE OBLIGATION TO HELP AND SHARE WITH THESE PEOPLE EVEN THE LITTLE THEY HAVE AT THIS MOMENT SINCE WE ALL KNOW THAT THE SITUATION IS NOT GREAT IN OUR COUNTRY.

BUT WE WILL HELP IN ANY CASE AS MUCH AS WE CAN.

>> Reporter: THIS FAMILY FROM NORTHEASTERN SYRIA IS SEEKING ASYLUM.

LIKE MOST OTHER NEW ARRIVALS, THEY SPENT TIME IN GREECE.

THE OLDEST MAN IN THE FAMILY, SALEM AL FADLI, SAYS ASYLUM WOULD HAVE BEEN UNTHINKABLE IN GREECE.

>> Reporter: WHEN I FILMED THIS SCENE, IT WAS STILL RAMADAN, WHEN MUSLIMS FAST FROM DAWN TILL DUSK.

THE SMALLEST CHILDREN COULD EAT, BUT THE ELDER SIBLINGS DID NOT.

WHEN THE YOUNGER ONES HAD FINISHED, THEIR SISTERS SWEPT UP EVEN THE SMALLEST CRUMBS OF BREAD FOR THE IFTAR SUPPER AT SUNDOWN WHEN THE FAST COULD BE BROKEN.

NEVER KNOWING FROM WHERE THE NEXT MEAL COMES IS A MIGRANT TRAIL REALITY.

THE SECOND LARGEST GROUP AFTER THE SYRIANS ARE FROM PAKISTAN.

THE MAJORITY ARE NOT REFUGEES FLEEING PERSECUTION, BUT ECONOMIC MIGRANTS SEEKING A BETTER LIFE FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES.

>> Reporter: LIKE MOST OF THE OTHER MIGRANTS AT EUROPE'S DOORSTEP, THE PAKISTANIS, TOO, ARE MUSLIMS-- MEANING THAT IN SOME QUARTERS AT LEAST, THEIR WELCOME IS UNLIKELY TO BE A WARM ONE.

STILL, ATIF NAWAZ HOPES THAT HIS DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS WILL ENABLE HIM TO FIND WORK IN THE EUROPEAN UNION.

>> Reporter: DEVELOPMENTS IN BOSNIA ARE BEING CLOSELY MONITORED BY THE U.N.'S INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION.

IT'S SARAJEVO REPRESENTATIVE IS PETER VAN DER AUWERAERT.

>> WE'VE SEEN THIS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

YOU CAN CLOSE AND YOU CAN INCREASE THE BORDER CONTROLS BUT YOU CAN NEVER CLOSE THE BORDER.

BECAUSE IF PEOPLE ARE VERY DETERMINED, THEY WILL FIND A WAY THROUGH.

IF YOU LOOK AT THE MAP AND YOU SEE THE BORDERS IN BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA OR EVEN THE MAP BETWEEN GREECE AND ALBANIA, YOU WILL SEE THAT IT'S VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO CLOSE THOSE BORDERS.

SO, ONCE PEOPLE ARE DETERMINED TO USE THE ROUTE, THEY WILL USE IT.

>> Reporter: MANY OF THOSE WHO'VE FOUND THEIR WAY TO BOSNIA HAVE SIMPLY FOLLOWED THE G.P.S.

ON THEIR PHONES.

OTHERS HAVE RELIED ON SMUGGLERS.

>> HERE IN THE BALKANS, THERE IS A LONG TRADITION OF SMUGGLING-- SMUGGLING OF WEAPONS, SMUGGLING OF DRUGS.

OUR UNDERSTANDING IS THAT A LOT OF THOSE GANGS HAVE DIVERSIFIED, IF I CAN PUT IT IN THAT WAY, AND NOW ALSO SMUGGLE MIGRANTS.

>> Reporter: THE REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS ARE TRYING TO ENTER EUROPE THROUGH CROATIA AT A TIME WHEN THE NEW GOVERNMENT IN NEIGHBORING ITALY IS PROMISING TO DEPORT UNWANTED MIGRANTS AND CROATIA IS STEPPING UP BORDER PATROLS.

>> ( translated ): 60 METERS AFTER THIS TURN, YOU CAN SEE IN FRONT OF YOU.

20 METERS.

YOU'RE VERY CLOSE NOW.

STOP THERE.

THERE THEY ARE, ON YOUR RIGHT.

>> Reporter: CROATIAN BORDER POLICE ON THE GROUND ARE BEING DIRECTED BY THEIR COLLEAGUES IN A HELICOPTER.

>> ( translated ): THEY'RE JUST IN FRONT OF YOU, ON THE LEFT AND ON THE RIGHT.

THERE'S A LOT MORE OF THEM THAN WE COULD SEE AT THE BEGINNING.

THERE THEY ARE ON YOUR LEFT SIDE, AND ONE GROUP IS IN THE BUSH.

>> Reporter: FATIMA FROM AFGHANISTAN MADE IT ACROSS THE BORDER ONCE BUT WAS DEPORTED BY THE CROATS.

>> Reporter: AT THE FORMER STUDENT DORM IN BIHAC, RED CROSS OFFICIAL AMIR DRAGANOVIC FEARS THE PROBLEMS HERE ARE ONLY JUST BEGINNING.

>> THE MAIN PROBLEM IS THAT ALL BORDERS NOW ARE CLOSED.

AND THE MORE AND MORE POLICE STAND ON THE BORDERS, THEN MIGRANTS CANNOT...

CANNOT CROSS TO CROATIA AND INTO OTHER PARTS OF EUROPE.

SO, VERY MUCH THEY ARE STUCK HERE.

>> Reporter: AS WORD OF THE NEW ROUTE SPREADS TO THOSE FURTHER BACK ON THE MIGRANT TRAIL, MORE PEOPLE WILL HEAD THIS WAY, INCREASING THE LIKELIHOOD THAT THIS CORNER OF BOSNIA WILL SUCCEED GREECE AS EUROPE'S LATEST CHOKEPOINT, A PLACE WHERE THE EPIC JOURNEY COMES TO A HALT AND HOPE IS REPLACED BY FRUSTRATION AND ANGER.

>> Sreenivasan: IRAQ MAY HAVE DECLARED VICTORY OVER ISIS, BUT THE WAR LEFT BEHIND SOME UNEXPECTED PRISONERS.

HUNDREDS OF WOMEN WHO WERE MARRIED TO ISIS FIGHTERS, MANY WHO HAVE YOUNG CHILDREN, ARE NOW FACING TRIAL AS TERRORISTS.

SOME HAVE ALREADY BEEN SENTENCED TO DEATH, OTHERS TO LIFE IN PRISON.

N.P.R.

REPORTER JANE ARRAF HAS BEEN IN THE COURTROOMS.

SHE JOINS US VIA SKYPE NOW FROM CAIRO, EGYPT.

FIRST OF ALL, DESCRIBE WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE.

>> WELL, HARI, SO THIS IS ONE OF THE LEFTOVERS OF A VERY LONG, VERY BITTER WAR.

NOW, AS ISIS CAME INTO IRAQ AND IT TOOK OVER A THIRD OF IRAQ WHEN IT CAME IN, IN 2014, PEOPLE FLOWED IN-- JIHADIS FLOWED IN-- AND WITH THEM FLOWED IN THEIR FAMILIES.

THERE WERE A LOT OF WOMEN WHO CAME WITH SMALL CHILDREN, AND WHEN ISIS WAS DEFEATED, AND THEY WERE DRIVEN BACK, A LOT OF THE ISIS FIGHTERS WERE KILLED, AND A LOT OF THE WOMEN AND SMALL CHILDREN WERE LEFT.

THEY WERE EITHER ARRESTED OR THEY GAVE THEMSELVES UP TO IRAQI FORCES, AND THEY'RE NOW IN DETENTION, IN JAILS IN BAGHDAD, AND A LOT OF THEM ARE GOING ON TRIAL.

>> Sreenivasan, YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE QUOTES YOU HAD IN YOUR STORY WAS, "ANY FOREIGNER WHO LIVED IN ISIS TERRITORY IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE JOINED ISIS AND IS LOYAL TO THEM."

DESCRIBE THE CONDITIONS AND THE PLACES THAT THEY'RE LEAVING BEHIND, PLACES LIKE MOSUL, THAT WERE DEVASTATED.

>> MOSUL, ABSOLUTELY.

AND IF YOU LOOK AT MOSUL AND WHAT'S LEFT OF PART OF THE CITY, THE OLDEST PART IN THE WEST, YOU CAN SEE WHY THIS HAS BEEN SUCH A BITTER FIGHT, AND PERHAPS GET A GLIMPSE OF WHY IRAQIS ARE NOT IN ANY MOOD TO FORGIVE.

NOW, IT'S A VERY COMPLICATED WAR, AND THERE ARE A LOT OF VICTIMS HERE, AND THERE ARE A LOT OF REASONS FOR THE WAR.

BUT IN BETWEEN WHAT ISIS DID, WHICH IS ATTEMPTED GENOCIDE OF THE YAZIDIS, THE ETHNIC MINORITY; MASSACRES OF SHIA CADETS; SLAUGHTERING CIVILIANS AS THEY CAME IN.

AND THEN THE DEVASTATING BATTLE TO GET RID OF ISIS.

SO THIS IS A WAR THAT HAS SEEPED INTO THE VERY HEART OF IRAQI CONSCIOUSNESS.

THERE ARE LOTS OF FAMILIES, LOTS OF TRIBES THAT WERE SPLIT BETWEEN ISIS AND FIGHTING ISIS.

BUT AS FOR THE FOREIGNERS, THEY ARE, AS YOU POINT OUT, BEING GIVEN VERY HARSH SENTENCES, EVEN IF ALL THEY DID WAS MARRY ISIS FIGHTERS OR COME IN WITH THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: YOU MENTIONED THAT THESE ARE PEOPLE WHO HAVE COME INTO IRAQ IN SOME CASES.

WHAT ABOUT THE COUNTRIES WHERE THEY CAME FROM?

ARE THEY WILLING TO TAKE THEM BACK?

>> SO, RIGHT NOW IRAQ IS HOLDING ABOUT 560 OF THESE WOMEN.

MOST OF THEM, THE MAJORITY OF THEM ARE FROM TURKEY, AND A LOT OF THEM ARE FROM RUSSIA.

AND THEN OTHERS ARE FROM EASTERN EUROPEAN REPUBLICS.

THERE ARE VERY FEW WESTERNERS IN THIS GROUP.

THEY'RE NOT THE ONLY ISIS TRIALS GOING ON.

IRAQ IS BELIEVED TO HAVE TRIED ALMOST 10,000 IRAQIS ON TERRORISM CHARGES, BUT THESE WOMEN ARE COMING UP FOR TRIAL NOW, AND A LOT OF THEM HAVE ALREADY BEEN TRIED AND CONVICTED.

>> Sreenivasan: LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE KIND OF UNEQUIVOCALLY INNOCENT HERE, THE CHILDREN THAT ARE CAUGHT IN THIS.

WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM AS THEIR MOTHERS ARE SENT EITHER TO PRISON OR PERHAPS PUT TO DEATH?

>> WELL, THAT'S THE REALLY TROUBLING THING.

SO, A LOT OF THE COUNTRIES WHO WILL TAKE THE CHILDREN WON'T TAKE THE MOTHERS.

THERE ISN'T A HUGE RUSH HERE FOR COUNTRIES TO STEP UP AND SAY, "YES, EXTRADITE THESE WOMEN BACK TO THEIR HOME COUNTRIES SO THEY'LL STAND TRIAL."

THAT'S WHAT IRAQ WOULD LIKE TO HAPPEN, BUT THAT JUST ISN'T HAPPENING.

THEY ARE MORE WILLING TO TAKE THE CHILDREN BACK IF THEY CAN FIND RELATIVES.

SO WHEN I WAS IN COURT, FOR INSTANCE, AND THESE WOMEN WERE STANDING IN THE DOCK, AND IT IS LITERALLY A WOODEN DOCK, LIKE A CAGE-- A LOT OF THEM HAD BABIES IN THEIR ARMS AND SMALL CHILDREN WITH THEM, AND THEY'RE BASICALLY LIVING IN PRISON WITH THEIR MOTHERS.

THEY WILL GROW UP IN PRISON IF THEIR MOTHERS ARE CONVICTED, AND AT A CERTAIN AGE, WHEN THEY REACH SCHOOL AGE, THEY'LL BE PUT IN IRAQI ORPHANAGES SO IT'S QUITE A GRIM FUTURE FOR THEM.

>> Sreenivasan: NPR'S JANE ARRAF JOINING US VIA SKYPE FROM CAIRO TONIGHT, THANKS SO MUCH.

>> THANK YOU.

>> THIS IS "PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND," SATURDAY.

>> Sreenivasan: THE PROXY WAR BEING FOUGHT IN YEMEN BETWEEN SAUDI-LED FORCES AND IRAN-BACKED HOUTHI REBELS ESCALATED TODAY.

THE SAUDI COALITION CLAIMS IT HAS CAPTURED THE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT NEAR THE REBEL-HELD PORT CITY OF HODEIDA.

FIGHTING FOR CONTROL OF THE PORT CITY CONTINUES.

IT IS A CRITICAL ENTRY POINT FOR FOOD AND SUPPLIES.

NEARLY TWO-THIRDS OF YEMENIS RELY ON INTERNATIONAL AID, AND HUMANITARIAN GROUPS SAY MORE THAN EIGHT MILLION ARE AT RISK FOR STARVATION.

TERMINALLY ILL PEOPLE IN CALIFORNIA CAN LEGALLY OBTAIN PRESCRIPTION DRUGS TO END THEIR LIVES.

A STATE APPEALS COURT REINSTATED A LAW THAT WOULD ALLOW IT IF A DOCTOR HAS DETERMINED THAT THE PATIENT HAS SIX MONTHS OR LESS TO LIVE.

LAST MONTH, A JUDGE IN RIVERSIDE COUNTY DECLARED THE LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE IT WAS PASSED DURING A SPECIAL LEGISLATIVE SESSION CALLED TO CONSIDER OTHER MATTERS.

ACCORDING TO CALIFORNIA HEALTH OFFICIALS, 111 TERMINALLY ILL PEOPLE ENDED THEIR LIVES WITHIN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF THE BILL BECOMING LAW IN 2016.

THUNDERSHOWERS WILL HELP FIREFIGHTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST TODAY.

THEY COULD ALSO BRING HAZARDOUS FLOODING TO THE REGION.

ONE TO THREE INCHES OF RAIN IS FORECAST FOR PARTS OF THE FIVE- STATE REGION WHERE THERE HAVE BEEN MORE THAN 20 WILDFIRES IN RECENT WEEKS.

THE LARGEST BLAZE, THE 416 FIRE NEAR DURANGO, COLORADO, HAS ALREADY BURNED NEARLY 33,000 ACRES AND FORCED THE CLOSURE OF SEVERAL PUBLIC WILDLIFE AREAS.

CAN A COCKTAIL OR A BEER A DAY KEEP THE DOCTOR AWAY?

THE QUESTION WAS SUPPOSED TO BE ANSWERED BY A $100 MILLION GOVERNMENT STUDY.

BUT YESTERDAY, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH SHUT DOWN THE PROJECT AFTER AN INVESTIGATION CONFIRMED A "NEW YORK TIMES" REPORT THAT FOUND THE N.I.H.

RESEARCHERS SOUGHT FUNDING FROM THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY.

THE STUDY WAS SUPPOSED TO DETERMINE THE RISK OF HEART ATTACKS AND STROKE BY COMPARING PEOPLE WHO DRINK TO THOSE WHO ABSTAIN.

>> Sreenivasan: FINALLY TONIGHT, WE LEAVE YOU WITH A MOMENT OF PURE JOY FROM A SCHOOL IN MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY, WHERE CHILDREN WATCHING WORLD CUP SOCCER SAW THEIR NATIONAL TEAM SCORE THE MATCH'S ONLY GOAL TO DEFEAT EGYPT YESTERDAY.

( CHEERS ) THAT'S ALL FOR THIS EDITION OF PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND.

I'M HARI SREENIVASAN.

THANKS FOR WATCHING.

HAVE A GOOD NIGHT.