What does it mean when we say someone is a "good" student?

I figure that for many of us, a good student means someone who gets high, if not perfect grades, is never late to class, and always has a readily sharpened pencil somewhere close at hand.

We don't think of strugglers, stragglers, or people with performances that fluctuate.

But, confession time-- at different points in my own academic career, I've been that person.

So, how did I go from the kid who almost failed three classes in eighth grade to earning a PhD?

Looking back, my struggles with school stem from issues with adolescent mental-health problems.

Luckily, I was able to get these under control early on in my life with help from teachers, counselors, and my family.

And yet, throughout the ups and downs, I've always considered myself, at heart, a truly good student, even when my grades and performance belied this feeling.

And that's the big question on my mind this week.

What does it even mean when we say good student?

Who do we assume that good students are?

What do they look like?

What's their background?

And what factors keep certain groups specifically from achieving academic success?

[light upbeat music] Specifically, I want to talk about young girls because this video started with me reflecting on my own life and strife with our education system, and that makes me wonder, "What are some of the barriers facing young girls today?

"And how are we assessing what young girls need in classrooms throughout the U.S.?"

Well, one barrier to success for young girls in school could be good old-fashioned gender bias, although maybe that's the wrong wording, since there's nothing good but plenty old-fashioned about gender bias.

A 2015 study from the Making Caring Common Project at the Harvard School of Graduate Education found gender bias over teen girls' leadership abilities was present not only in the adults around them, but also in their peers.

The research team, led by Richard Weisbord, found several key findings after surveying nearly 20,000 students.

First, almost a quarter of teen girls, 23%, preferred male over female political leaders, while only 8% of girls preferred female political leaders with 69% reporting no difference in preference.

Second, 40% of teen boys preferred male over female political leaders, while only 4% preferred female political leaders, with 56% expressing no preference.

And third, as a specific group, white girls tended to be biased against other white girls as leaders.

Although in a scenario meant to demonstrate bias, Black and Latino boys and girls appear to face leadership bias as well.

This implicit bias against seeing them as leaders could be one of the contributing factors that impede young girls at school and in the workforce after graduation, because girls may be viewed as less capable than their male counterparts.

Another challenge is gender bias coupled with racial bias.

Racial bias negatively impacts not only young girls in the U.S., but all people of color who are moving through traditional academic roots.

One emergent issue that young girls and boys of color in the U.S. today face is the aptly named school-to-prison pipeline, or a system where disciplinary infractions at school lead to eventual imprisonment or time spent in juvenile detention centers.

And as this practice has become more and more common in schools across the country, students of color and young girls of color are being disproportionately impacted.

A 2015 report found that Black boys are three times more likely to be suspended than white boys, and Black girls are a staggering six times more likely to be suspended than their white counterparts.

The report also found that for young girls of color, at times, the security rituals of entering a school, for example, searches, metal detector, and increased number of law enforcement officials, sometimes contributed to girls feeling less safe.

They could even be deterrent to attending school altogether.

Additionally, girls of color and Black girls were more likely to be referred for punitive methods of conflict resolution in school, which leads to greater involvement in the juvenile justice system than if restorative responses like counseling and therapy had been employed.

Additionally, girls of color and Black girls other struggles like trauma from interpersonal violence, harassment, and bullying often go unmet or unnoticed in schools unless a punishable offense occurs, meaning that these issues are only addressed through punishment.

And some of the girls in the study reported acting out as a result of not having their needs met.

I can personally say that when I was a struggling student, the fact that educators around me used suggestions for restorative methods of addressing the problem instead of just suspending me or kicking me out of school, made a world of difference.

Their focus was on addressing the underlying issues and not just punishing me for falling behind in my classes and acting out.

And being overlooked or unfairly treated on the basis of gender or race can lead to various negative mental health outcomes for students.

A 2016 report from the JED Foundation and the Steve Fund found that by the time they were in the early years of college, these mental health disparities were starting to show amongst students.

The report found that among the approximately 1500 1st year students surveyed, white students were more likely than their African-American peers to feel emotionally prepared for college.

And African-American students were more likely than their white counterparts to keep those feelings to themselves.

So, how do we solve all of these mounting problems?

Well, in the case of leadership bias, the study recommends checking our implicit and explicit bias about female leadership and not passing on those biases to young girls who are experiencing their first leadership positions in schools.

And for girls of color and young Black girls who are being disproportionately impacted by the school-to-prison pipeline, the answer could be looking for solutions that center care, outreach, and help over punitive measures like suspension, expulsion, or prison.

And in all cases, access to mental health care and counseling could have a positive impact for young girls and students of color who are struggling with microaggressions, imposter syndrome, and depression in school.

On a final note, I think that a lot of these solutions are actually asking us to think differently about what it means to be a good student.

Part of the problem is that we start from the assumption that there is such a thing as a prototypical good student who has impeccable grades, no disciplinary issues, and excels at everything that they do.

But what I've learned from my own history, both as a struggling student and as an educator today, is that good students come in all shapes and packages.

A student can get really poor grades in class and still be exceptionally talented.

A student can struggle or be misjudged or mistreated and still have gifts that exceed what we're even teaching them in classrooms.

Being a good student doesn't mean that you never struggle.

Rather, it should mean that in spite of the challenges you face inside and outside of the classroom, you still have a willingness to learn.

It was one of the greatest gifts of my life that at a time when I was a failing student, my teachers, family, and counselors never looked at me as a failure.

Instead, they saw that I was struggling with something and worked to address my struggles.

If you take anything from this video, let it be this.

Empathy in the classroom rather than antipathy can yield incredible results.

After all, young students everywhere deserve every chance they can get to be a good student.